Post by kevintumibay on Struggling to connect to EK1100 to Raspberry Pi ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
SUMMARIZED VERSION OF QUESTION: I'm trying to connect a Raspberry Pi running "Codesys Control for Raspberry Pi" to a Beckhoff EK1100, unfortunately, when I try to connect I get the following messages SEE FIRST PICTURE DETAILED VERSION OF QUESTION: Hi everyone, I'm a college student that is super interested in learning about PLCs. I wanted to dive into the subject and decided to follow this great Instructables article: https://www.instructables.com/Programming-Raspberry-Pi-With-CODESYS/ Thank you in advance for your help! My current setup is as follows: 1. I have Codesys Control for Raspberry Pi, version 4.14.0.0, (https://store.codesys.com/en/codesys-control-for-raspberry-pi-sl.html) installed on a Raspberry Pi 3B. 2. I am using my smartphone hotspot to create a network. 3. I have CODESYS 3.5 SP21 (64 bit) installed on my Windows 11 laptop. 4. Both the Raspberry Pi and my laptop are connected to the smartphone hotspot network (I am wirelessly connecting to the Raspberry Pi). Connecting to the Raspberry Pi from CODESYS on my laptop: 1. I launch Codesys Installer -> I install Codesys Control for Raspberry Pi (link to the software). 2. I launch Codesys 3.5 SP21 (64 bit) on my laptop. 3. I go to file --> new project --> standard project --> in the pop-up I select "Codesys Control for Raspberry Pi" and "Structured Text" 4. I click on tools -> Deploy Control SL (on older versions of Codesys you would click on "update Raspberry Pi", I got that information from this video: link) 5. Inside Deploy Control SL --> I go to the "communication" menu and I input the IP address of my Pi, the password, and click on connect. 6. Inside Deploy Control SL --> I go to the "deployment" menu and I install Codesys Control for Raspberry Pi SL and Codesys Edge Gateway for Linux 7. Now I double click on "device" in the left hand tree and put in the IP address of my Raspberry Pi and click on connect --> success! I am able to connect! SEE SECOND PICTURE Powering the EK1100 and connecting it to the Raspberry Pi: 1. I am supplying the EK1100 with 24 V across the + and - pins. 2. I have jumper wires going from the + pin to the 24V pin and from the - pin to the 0V pin. SEE THIRD PICTURE 4. I am pretty confident that the EK1100 is receiving power because the "LED Us 24 V" and "LED Up 24 V" are lighting up. 5. I then run an ethernet cable from the EK1100 to the Raspberry Pi port (the Raspberry Pi is connected to my laptop wirelessly over WiFi). I think this connection should also be good since the LINK/ACT LED lights up. Trying to connect to the EK1100: 1. Back in Codesys I right-click on "Device" in the left tree and then in the pop up I click on "add device". 2. I then click on EtherCAT Master. 3. Next in a terminal window I SSH into the raspberry Pi and run the "ifconfig" command. 4. From there I get the MAC address for eth0 --> in my case: b8:27:eb:29:a9:25 5. Then, back in Codesys I double click on "EtherCAT Master" in the left hand tree. I then paste the MAC address into the "Source Address (MAC)" field. 6. I go to the Beckhoff official website and download the XML files for EtherCAT: https://www.beckhoff.com/en-en/products/i-o/ethercat-terminals/ek1xxx-bk1xx0-ethercat-coupler/ek1100.html? 7. I unzip those files in my computer into some folder that I can remember. 8. Back in Codesys I click on "Tools" --> "Device Repository" --> "Install" --> and then on the "Beckhoff EK11xx.XML" file. 9. In theory the necessary XML file is now installed. 10. THIS IS WHERE I RUN INTO THE PROBLEM: I then click on login --> I right click on EtherCAT_Master and then scan for devices --> and nothing. 11. It just doesn't detect it. On top of this whenever I login I get those orange triangles on the left on my tree. When I check the Log I get the messages at the very first screenshot of this post. SEE FOURTH PICTURE Solutions that I have tried to resolve this problem: 1. I thought it was maybe the .XML file so I installed all the .XML files from the EtherCAT folder that I downloaded. That didn't fix it. 2. I went on the Wayback Machine and got the .XML files from 2018 as I thought maybe an older version would work. This file of EtherCAT folders had a .XML file named "Beckhoff EKxxxx.XML" I thought this would work because that's the name of the file the guy in the Instructables used (https://www.instructables.com/Programming-Raspberry-Pi-With-CODESYS/). That didn't do anything. 3. I ran the PLC on my computer instead of the Raspberry Pi and tried to connect to the EK1100, in case the issue was with the Raspberry Pi, but I still ran into the same error from the picture above: "Attention! The device was not found in the repository. Vendorcode: 0x0. Productcode: 0x0. Revision: 0x0". SEE FIFTH PICTURE 4. I reinstalled Codesys, I was originally on version 3.5 SP20 when I did this, I upgraded to 3.5 SP21 with no success. 5. I then thought the solution might be to first add the EK1100 hardware before connecting so I did the following: 6. Right click on "EtherCAT Master" on the left hand tree --> then click on "add device" --> then I added the "EK1100 EtherCAT Coupler (2A E-Bus)" MY THEORY OF WHAT IS CAUSING THE PROBLEM: I asked ChatGPT for help and it said that it might have something to do with the revision number. On the physical EK1100 it says "Rev. Nr.: 0018". I believe that this means that I need to a revision 0018 XML file but if you look in Codesys it says the version is 16 (picture above). This is confusing because I got my .XML file from the official Codesys website so it should be the most up to date version possible. I searched and I searched and I couldn't find a version 18 .XML file, I don't even now if this exists. Any help you can provide is greatly appreciated, I don't know what to do anymore and I really really want to get this working. Thank you!
Last updated: 2025-03-30

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Last updated: 2024-10-26

Post by brouwyka on JSONByteArrayWriter string result incorrect order ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Hi @TimvH, As discussed in our email contact, your example does not actually test/reproduce the bug I am describing: Adding to the JSON builder on later cycles works fine. Your example works because you do the following: 1. You finish the first cycle (xFirst) with adding an object to the array with 2 fields; 2. When the next cycle is triggered (xAdd), you immediately start with adding another object to that array. This works fine as the last thing you did before #2 was the addition of the array and an object to it. To reproduce the bug you should be doing the following instead, as I showed with the code I shared with my first post: 1. Create the array - save the index that is returned; 2. Add an item, either a primitive or an object, to the array; 3. Add an item outside the array (anything: a primitive, a new array, a nested object, etc); 4. Add another item to the array using the index you saved at #1. You will now see, as I shared in my initial post, that the second item is placed completely outside the root JSON object. This also happens to anything else you try to add after step #4: everything after this point will be added outside the root JSON object: the JSON is completely broken. Important to note is that this not only happens with arrays, but also with nested JSON objects. Once you add something outside of a nested JSON object, you can no longer add anything to that nested JSON object, as that causes the exact same bug. This also applies to arrays of objects, so if in your test you had tried adding a new key-value pair to the first nested object in your array after you created the second nested object, you would also run into this bug. It seems that the JSONByteArrayWriter (I haven't tested the other writers in the JSON Utilities SL library, so I don't know if they suffer from the same problem) simply does not handle any JSON fields that add brackets (so arrays with "[" & "]" and nested objects with "{" & "}") well, and closes them prematurely instead of checking if any later JSONElements in the JSONData's array belong to any of these bracketed fields. After reviewing the objects & functions of the JSON Utilities SL library, my guess is that either the JSONByteArrayWriter linearly goes through the array of JSONElements in the JSONData and only checks the diParentIndex of each JSONElement in direct ascending order, OR if it does use the JSONElement.GetChildren(); method, that this method is either broken and doesn't give all children correctly to the writer. Neither explains why everything completely breaks, and you cannot even add to the root JSON object anymore, however, so there is probably more than just that going wrong in the writer. To me, after a full week of testing and attempting workarounds, this seems like a bug in the library that needs to be fixed by Codesys, as I cannot see anything wrong in the JSONData constructed by the JSONBuilder - this seems purely a problem in the writer.
Last updated: 2026-06-15

Post by alex-at-xana on EThercat Dynamic configuration ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Hi Everyone, For a fast monitoring system I am using Ethercat oversampling and timestamping inputs. As the customers has a lot of different configurations out in the field, we went for a dynamic Ethercat configuration. Already got the whole detection chain working but now I am stuck since two days in debugging the configuration. Here are my quesitons: I extended the dynamic config example for the EL3632 16#0E303052: //EL3632 pSlave^.SetDCSettings(TRUE,TRUE,80,80,TRUE,4000,0,0); pSlave^.AddSyncManager(16#1000,128,16#26,TRUE,3); pSlave^.AddSyncManager(16#1080,128,16#22,TRUE,2); pSlave^.AddSyncManager(16#1100,0,16#4,TRUE,1); pSlave^.AddSyncManager(16#1110,214,16#20,TRUE,0); pSlave^.AddFMMU(0,214,0,7,16#1110,0,1,1); pSlave^.AddFMMU(0,1,0,0,16#80D,0,1,1); xKnown := TRUE; This leads to a PLL Error for these devices. I double and triple checked the configuraton, but cannot find the issue. There seems to be one difference: the config dialog creates a startup parameter: 16#10F3:16#05, Name: Command_0, Value:0. Bitlen: 16, Stop on fault: false, jumpt at fault: false: next line: 0 a) I do not find information on how to set this in my code. Can you help me there? b) Without trying to set the value, I get a PLL error for these devices in the master log. Is the config wrong? c) Do I need to set the Master to Autoconfigure or Manual? I used autoconfigure for my tests. The stack creates input data addresses for the slaves input data range (pSlaves[i].InputData) which are different from those created when I use the Engineering tools dialogs to configure Ethercat. Specifically, the addresses seem to be aligned at 16 byte boundaries when they are created using the engineering tool, but may appear at uneven addresses when I use the script in dynamic config. I did not try to access ULINT at uneven addresses yet, but I am suspecting this may be a problem. Do I need to manually align the addresses ? Any help is appreciated...
Last updated: 2024-09-10

Post by struccc on Application failing to boot after system reboot ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
I started to experience the same issue, after upgrading to 3.5.19 , and still persists with 3.5.20.3 , using CodesysControlWinV3 x64 on Windows. Unfortunately, this is a live application, normally it is running for months without interruption - so it was a surprise at the last cold start... It was not possible to go online with the original version, so I couldn't see the application, or system status, just the log message. First time I manually clean the Application from the PlcLogic directory (there was no coredump file in there), then I could start the runtime service, and do a fresh download, and set the bootproject. I could not try a cold system reboot - it's in a 24/7 production environment, and I was under heavy pressure to start... What I did, I have created a backup from the * complete * runtime directory, from the failed, and fixed version - before and after download. This directory in my case C:\ProgramData\CODESYS\CODESYSControlWinV3x64\55096128 - At the next shutdown, it was sufficient to copy back this backup completely, and could start the runtime service afterwards. Ugly, but local staff with some skills can do it without programming tool... I don't store any live data, configuration, log files, persistent data in this directory - the only reason I need this is to edit the CodesysControl... .cfg file.... And to see the logfiles in emergencies like this. The application concerned doesn't use any retain area. - exactly for these reasons - Maybe that is causing the problem with the newer runtime versions As far as I see, this problem occurs only if the power of the Windows PLC is interrupted without a proper shutdown. Unfortunately, this can happen sometimes. The newer versions, seems tp modify CodesysControl.cfg on the fly, and register the applications, and bootproject information after download. (I don't really see CodesysControl.cfg a proper location for this... but that's just my feeling) So now I had a look at CodesysCotrol.cfg on my laptop and I found: [CmpRetain] ;Retain.SRAM.Size=0x200200 ;Retain.SRAM.Address=0xFA3C5776 ;SimulateSRAM=1 [CmpApp] ;Bootproject.CreateOnDownload=0 ;Bootproject.StoreOnlyOnDownload=0 ;Bootproject.InvalidateByRename=1 ;Bootproject.InvalidateBySetting=1 ;Bootproject.InvalidateNever=0 ;PersistentForce=0 ;RetainType.Applications=InSRAM ;RetainType.Applications=OnPowerfail ;RetainType.Applications=None ;Exception.Hardware.GlobalStop=1 Application.1=MyTestAppNoRetain The last line appeared after download and boot project creation. Maybe... Should set RetainType.Applications=None? I wonder about all these settings, but... Will write separately about it. I hope this helps a little...
Last updated: 2024-11-21

Post by patrik on Wish: CODESYSControl.cfg - again ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Really good post. I hope that it gets seen by CoDeSys staff. I often find the documentation lacking when it comes to using CoDeSys in more complex ways. If using standard "basic PLC functionality", then it's fine and functions are documented in a sufficient way. Once you go outside of that bubble then I find the documentation not enough. CODESYSControl.cfg is a good example of this. And why isn't more of this integrated in the IDE. like changing port of the webserver. Why is it hidden in this file and not accessible through the IDE. It feels like a layer of complexity purposely left in so you don't change it if you don't know what you are doing. Like the argument is if you have the know-how to find the file you have the know-how to edit it. I find the documentation lacking when it comes to more complex libraries too. Like the element collections library. there is parameters I still don't quite know what they do. I can't find any documentation about them. There is an example project to download from CoDeSys so you can see how you are supposed to set your factories up. I leave some parameters like it is in the example. Should I? I don't know. Does it work. Yes. But I could perhaps create memory leaks if I get something wrong and I don't see that until way later. In the create method of your element factory you have a function called __vfinit and you just have to accept that it works. Why can't I get insight in what it does through documentation? Don't CoDeSys want us to know how these work so we can't use them to accidentally break something? I find the error logging lacking too. I've had the CoDeSys service crash but it doesn't say why. I've seen windows noticing the crash but no error code was sent or error message. Also in my current issue where the application fails to start after power outage. I can see in the log that it fails to load retain in the application as one log entry and application failing to start as another. But why? Why does loading the retain fail? give me more information! Is it just a skill issue with me? I don't know. If it is then I'd still want CoDeSys to step up their game when it comes to documentation. I'm sorry if a lot of frustration comes though in this post. I really like the product and what I can do with it compared to other PLC brands.
Last updated: 2024-11-21

Post by mondinmr on Frustration-Fueled Feedback on Project File Management and Git Integration ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
In reality, other vendors are already moving towards integration with VS Code. B&R, for example, is likely the only one that could truly challenge Codesys in the market: they’ve overhauled their once-archaic environment (previously lacking ST OOP) and are now catching up significantly with Automation Studio Code, offering modern programming capabilities and native support for tools like Git and GitHub Copilot. The other big names in the market, frankly, are still light years behind. For smaller projects, typically handled by “wire strippers” (with all due respect!), a classic environment might be just fine. But once you’re dealing with thousands or even millions of lines of code—possibly organized in an OOP paradigm, spanning large teams, integrating third-party libraries, requiring version control, and performing comprehensive tests—a lightweight, responsive editor supercharged with AI-based features becomes essential. The real strength of something like VS Code lies in its vast ecosystem of extensions and integrations: from advanced Git support to automated build/test pipelines, and even AI-assisted autocompletion that already makes software development much more agile and productive. I understand that a PLC project involves more than just ST code (task setup, fieldbus configuration, libraries, etc.). However, there’s no technical reason not to at least provide ST files in a pure text format, making version control and collaboration far easier. B&R has clearly adopted this approach; I hope Codesys will accelerate its own efforts to offer a native, text-based integration and modern development tooling. Once you go beyond a certain level of complexity—dozens of configurations, OOP hierarchies, and distributed teams—you really do need “engineer-level” software tools, not just solutions targeting “wire strippers.” For large-scale automation projects, a more open and flexible approach is the only way to avoid chronic frustration. Let me emphasize that I truly love Codesys and consider the work done so far to be brilliant—I’d be sorry to see it overshadowed by others moving faster in this direction.
Last updated: 2025-02-18

Post by jonasz on Device diagnosis ( EtherCAT IO card ) ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Hi, I'll link to the topic not wanting to start a new one. In the application I am building, I wanted to use the diagnostics described in the CAA Device Diagnosis library. In principle, everything is ok, except for the elements related to ModbusTCP. Despite the fact that ModbusTCP is taken into account in the documentation, it is not recognised via the interfaces. FUNCTION_BLOCK NET_HW_DIAG VAR_INPUT END_VAR VAR_OUTPUT END_VAR VAR (* Referencja do struktury z danymi dla HMI ASTRAADA.*) Visu: REFERENCE TO VISU; (* Wskaźnik na mastera EtherCAT.*) pEtherCATMaster : POINTER TO IoDrvEtherCAT; (* Wskaźnik na slave EtherCAT.*) pEtherCATSlave : POINTER TO EtcSlave; (* Interfejs dla węzła w drzewie urządzeń.*) _itfNode: DED.INode; (* Ogólny interfejs magistrali. Zapewnia podstawowe informacje o magistrali polowej.*) _itfBus: DED.IBus; (* Interfejs urządzenia. Zapewnia rozszerzone informacje o urządzeniu (magistralowym).*) _itfDevice2: DED.IDevice2; (* Ogólny interfejs magistrali. Zapewnia podstawowe informacje o magistrali polowej.*) _itfStack: DED.IStack; (* Numer węzła w drzewie urządzeń.*) uiNodes: UINT; (* Operator jest rozszerzeniem normy IEC 61131-3. W czasie wykonywania operator wykonuje konwersję typu odwołania do interfejsu na inny typ. Operator zwraca wynik BOOL. Wartość TRUE oznacza, że CODESYS pomyślnie wykonał konwersję. *) xQueryResultBus: BOOL; xQueryResultDevice2: BOOL; xQueryResultStack: BOOL; (* Struktura danych dotyczących węzłów w drzewie urządzeń.*) NetHwDiag: NW_HW_STAT; ModbusTcpClientDeviceInfo: IoDrvModbusTCP.DED.DEVICE_INFO; ModbusTcpClientDeviceState: IoDrvModbusTCP.DED.DEVICE_STATE; ModbusTcpDeviceInfo: IoDrvModbusTCP.DED.DEVICE_INFO; ModbusTcpDeviceState: IoDrvModbusTCP.DED.DEVICE_STATE; END_VAR (* Pobranie wskaźników dla pierwszego mastera i pierwszego slave w sieci EtherCAT.*) pEtherCATMaster := g_pFirstMaster; pEtherCATSlave := pEtherCATMaster^.FirstSlave; (* Diagnostyka sieci EtherCAT.*) pEtherCATMaster := g_pFirstMaster; pEtherCATSlave := pEtherCATMaster^.FirstSlave; NetHwDiag.xConfigFinished := pEtherCATMaster^.xConfigFinished; NetHwDiag.xDistributedClockInSync := pEtherCATMaster^.xDistributedClockInSync; NetHwDiag.xError := pEtherCATMaster^.xError; NetHwDiag.xSyncInWindow := pEtherCATMaster^.xSyncInWindow; NetHwDiag.sLastMessage := pEtherCATMaster^.LastMessage; NetHwDiag.LastError := pEtherCATMaster^.LastError; (* Diagnostyka drzewa urządzeń.*) uiNodes := 0; _itfNode := DED.GetRoot(); REPEAT NetHwDiag.asDeviceName[uiNodes] := DED.GetDeviceNameString(itfNode := _itfNode); xQueryResultBus := __QUERYINTERFACE(_itfNode,_itfBus); IF xQueryResultBus THEN _itfBus.GetBusInfo(buiInfo := NetHwDiag.aBusInfo[uiNodes]); NetHwDiag.aBusState[uiNodes] := _itfBus.GetBusState(); END_IF xQueryResultDevice2 := __QUERYINTERFACE(_itfNode,_itfDevice2); IF xQueryResultDevice2 THEN _itfDevice2.GetDeviceInfo(deiInfo := NetHwDiag.aDeviceInfo[uiNodes]); NetHwDiag.aDeviceState[uiNodes] := _itfDevice2.GetDeviceState(); IF pEtherCATSlave <>0 THEN pEtherCATSlave^(); IF pEtherCATSlave^.SlaveAddr = NetHwDiag.aDeviceInfo[uiNodes].idSystem THEN NetHwDiag.aAlStatus[uiNodes] := pEtherCATSlave^.ALStatus; pEtherCATSlave := pEtherCATSlave^.NextInstance; END_IF END_IF ELSE xQueryResultStack := __QUERYINTERFACE(_itfNode,_itfStack); IF xQueryResultStack THEN _itfStack.GetDeviceInfo(deiInfo := NetHwDiag.aDeviceInfo[uiNodes]); NetHwDiag.aDeviceState[uiNodes] := _itfStack.GetDeviceState(); END_IF END_IF uiNodes := uiNodes + 1; _itfNode := DED.GetNextNode(_itfNode); UNTIL _itfNode = 0 END_REPEAT (* Diagnostyka Modbus.*) Modbus_TCP_Client.GetDeviceInfo(deiInfo := ModbusTcpClientDeviceInfo); ModbusTcpClientDeviceState := Modbus_TCP_Client.GetDeviceState(); PAC_3200T.GetDeviceInfo(deiInfo := ModbusTcpDeviceInfo); ModbusTcpDeviceState := PAC_3200T.GetDeviceState(); Of course, you can take the easy way out and refer directly to the devices, but I wanted a reusable component. Any constructive help is very welcome Best regards Jonasz
Last updated: 2025-07-15

Post by kurtk on SysProcess Execute Command unable to run commands with special characters ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Thank you for this additional information. Could you please provide the references to the official documentation where you found this information ? I got as far as: Then insert this: [SysProcess] BasePriority=Realtime Command=AllowAll devoid of references of where the CodesysContol.cfg file was located or of the need to run codesys as root I incrementally located bits of information with perplexity searches but remained mired at error 25 ERR_NO_ACCESS I am curious whether root access is MANDATORY to run SysProcessExecuteCommand (- and/or any other SysProcess functions) or if a more access-constrained User=quasiroot could suffice without the security concerns ? Apparently codesys runs fine without User=root for almost everything... That raises the question: What IS the default codesys user ? I notice in the prototypes: VAR sCommand : STRING := '/usr/bin/whoami'; sOutput : STRING(255); refCommand : REFERENCE TO STRING; refOutput : REFERENCE TO STRING; resultCmd : UDINT; END_VAR whenever I attempt to build this Codesys v3.5 SP2 whines that "cannot convert type REFERENCE TO STRING to STRING" don't remember the exact message... Apparently this happens whenever a fixed-length string is involved. if I get rid of (255) and just set the string := ' '; that is sufficient to make the compiler happy. Is this a recently enforced constraint ? Why does this compile for you and not for me ? There are references to functions / utilities which are used/needed to massage the string references - but I see no specific details... I also notice you specify: Make sure the lib SysProcessImplementation, SysTypes, and CmpErrors is on the project. I don't comprehend why all of the dependent libraries are not automatically referenced, added ? I don't recall seeing anywhere but here that SysProcessImplementation must be included... It just seems odd that the default is to exclude essential libraries, or require alchemical conjuring to assemble all the ingredients for gnat soup ;-) Thanks a lot... I'm still a codesys newby getting my wheels on - or sometimes just partially on
Last updated: 2025-09-12

Post by gilbert-mh on CAA net base TCP client cause PLC to crash - Kernel message : N0HZ_local_softirq_pending 80 ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Hello all, I have been trying to implement a TCP client on a Festo PLC (CPX-E-CEC-M1) and it looks like it works well except that after some time (greatly varies between a few hours to more than 100h) my PLC crash. When I look into the log file the only thing I see is that before the crash happens a few kernel warnings : N0HZ_local_softirq_pending 80 and then the crash. I've looked into this warning and from what I could find on the net it seems that this is warning is triggered when the ethernet link is down. I've tried to correct this bug for quite some time and what I know is that : - The crash is caused by my TCP client, when I remove it from my code I see no crash - The crash happens more quickly the more the TCP client is used. - The time before the crash is not directly proportional to the number of communications or their size. But it looks like it is just more likely to happen if the client connect to the server at a higher frequency. - The precedent observation makes it seem unlikely that the crash is caused by some memory overflow because then the crash speed would be more proportional to the amount of data exchanged. SO from these observations, I believe that the crash could be caused by the PLC trying to connect to a server while there is some kind of issue with the ethernet link resulting in the PLC getting stuck in some indefinite state and making it crash. This still seems a bit unlikely to me because if the ethernet is down it simply shouldn't be able to contact the server and the communication would just fail which doesn't cause my PLC to crash. Has anyone encountered the same kind of problem (with the same kernel message) ? I am pretty sure the warning is not the direct cause of the crash but just an indicator that something is wrong with my PLC. Thanks in advance
Last updated: 2024-01-12

Post by jackbrady on Function Blocks and arrays of function blocks ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Hello, I am new to Codesys and PLC programming in general (please go easy ha!) I'm not looking for code to be written for me just some help and pointing in the right direction. I am writing some code to send commands to a relay based on input values (to put it simply). Quite basic stuff. I have wrote a function block that takes a global variable (Open_command:BOOL) and outputs to another global variable (Opened : BOOL). The function block is simulating a device so I'll eventually get the globals from that. I now need to create multiple versions of this function block/ device (lets say 100) but I need each iteration of that function block to reference it's own relevant global variable. I think that the best way of doing this would be to use arrays, although I could be wrong. I am aware that for up to 100 instances I could very well manually assign everything but that seems rather time consuming and I want a fancier way of doing it. Here is a very basic example of what I am looking to do, please note I have not written this in proper code it's just to show what I mean. Global Variables V[0-100] int Open_command [0-100] Bool Opened [0-100] Bool Function Block var input x : BOOL Var output y : BOOL if x then y = TRUE ELSE y = FALSE The input to my function block will be Open_command, output will be Opened Example code. If V[x] > 10 then Open_command [x] = TRUE ELSE Open_command [x] = FALSE (So when V1 goes above 10 I need Open_command1 = TRUE therefore initiating FB1 output. V2 > 10, open_command2 = True > FB2 output V3 > 10, open_command3 = True > FB3 output ... ... ) What I can't seem to figure out is how to tie all this together, I have read through the codesys documentation and if anything it has confused me more! ha. Apologies for the poorly written post but hopefully you understand what I am trying to get at. Thanks, Jack
Last updated: 2024-02-14

Post by axberry on CODESYS Control for Raspberry Pi 5 - "Hardware version or firmware version not supported" on Rev 1.1, persists across multiple runtime versions and OS images ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Hi, I'm trying to run CODESYS Control for Raspberry Pi SL on a Raspberry Pi 5, and the runtime consistently fails to start with the following error when launched manually: ooops... this runtime was built for RASPBERRYPI. Hardware version or firmware version not supported! (-18, 0x00000BB8, 0xFFFFFFFB) Hardware: Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1 Revision code: d04171 CPU: aarch64, BCM2712 Serial number is correctly exposed via /proc/cpuinfo and /proc/device-tree/serial-number /proc/device-tree/model correctly reports "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B" What I've tried (all resulting in the same error): CODESYS Control for Raspberry Pi SL 4.11.0.0 (SDK 3.5.19.61) — the version that introduced Pi 5 support CODESYS Control for Raspberry Pi SL 4.21.0.0 (SDK 3.5.22.20) — latest available Raspberry Pi OS Bookworm (64-bit) with kernel 6.12.93+rpt-rpi-2712 (June 2026 build) Fresh install on Raspberry Pi OS Bookworm (64-bit) with an older image from November 24, 2025 — same error, ruling out a kernel-version regression Bootloader/EEPROM confirmed up to date (rpi-eeprom-update reports "up to date") Clean purge and reinstall of the codesyscontrol package each time (verified via dpkg -l, no leftover files) Verified /etc/codesyscontrol/3S.dat correctly symlinks to /etc/codesyscontrol/3S_aarch64.dat The service starts (systemctl status briefly shows active (running) with a real PID under /opt/codesys/bin/codesyscontrol.bin), but crashes shortly after and the process disappears — port 11740 never opens. Since this happens identically across two different runtime versions and two different OS images (5+ months apart), it doesn't seem to be a kernel/firmware timing issue. Could this be specific to the Rev 1.1 board revision, or is there a known issue with the hardware detection logic in the SL runtime that I should be aware of? Happy to provide full debug logs (-d flag output) or journalctl output if useful. Thanks in advance!
Last updated: 2026-08-10

Post by mariusz997 on Visualisation - internal error ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Hi everyone. I try to reach Codesys but I have problem on the beginning. I use Codesys 3.5.18.60 and 3.5.18.30 . On both version I have this same problem - when I create new standard project with controller Control Win v3 x64, empty PLC program - I compile it and everything is ok. But when I add visualisation without any elements and compile it - I get: ~~~ ------ Build started: Application: Device.Application ------- Typify code... Generate code... Generate global initializations... [WARNING] SortingStation: HMI Device: PLC Logic: Application: Missing element configuration. Element may not be usable. [WARNING] SortingStation: fbOutletConveyour Device: PLC Logic: Application: C0196: Implicit conversion from unsigned Type 'WORD' to signed Type 'INT' : Possible change of sign [ERROR] Internal error:System.NullReferenceException: Odwołanie do obiektu nie zostało ustawione na wystąpienie obiektu (in english: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.). w _3S.CoDeSys.Codex86_64.V351500.CPUx86_64.CodeStore(TypeClass tc, Register RegBase, Register RegIndex, Int32 nOffset, Register RegSrc, Int32 nScale) w _3S.CoDeSys.Codex86_64.V351500.Codex86_64_V351500.GenerateVarAbsolut(IVariableExpression varexp, Int32 iArea, Int32 nAddress, IIndexInfo indexinfo, ICompiledType ctype, Int32 nTypeSize, IAccessMode am) w ..
(_IVariableExpression ) w ..
(IExprement ) w ..
(IExprement ) w ..
(_ICompoAccessExpression ) w ..
(IExprement ) w _3S.CoDeSys.Codex86_64.V351500.Codex86_64_V351500.Generate(IAssignmentExpression assign) w ..
(_IAssignmentExpression ) w ..
(IExprement ) w _3S.CoDeSys.Codex86_64.V351500.Codex86_64_V351500.Generate(IExpressionStatement expstat) w ..
(IExprement ) w _3S.CoDeSys.Codex86_64.V351500.Codex86_64_V351500.Generate(ISequenceStatement seq) w ..
(IExprement ) w _3S.CoDeSys.Codex86_64.V351500.Codex86_64_V351500.Generate(ISequenceStatement seq) w ..
(IExprement ) w _3S.CoDeSys.Codex86_64.V351500.Codex86_64_V351500.Generate(ISequenceStatement seq) w ..
(IExprement ) w _3S.CoDeSys.Codex86_64.V351500.Codex86_64_V351500.Generate(ISequenceStatement seq) w ..
(IExprement ) w _3S.CoDeSys.Codex86_64.V351500.Codex86_64_V351500.Generate(ISequenceStatement seq) w ..
(IExprement ) w _3S.CoDeSys.Codex86_64.V351500.Codex86_64_V351500.Generate(ICompiledPOU cpou, ISequenceStatement mainRoutine, Boolean bKeepCompileInformation, IEnumerable`1 subroutines) w _3S.CoDeSys.Codex86_64.V351500.Codex86_64_V351500.Generate(ICompiledPOU cpou, Boolean bKeepCompileInformation) w ..
(_ICompiledPOU ) w _3S.CoDeSys.Compiler35180.Phase5_Codegeneration.Codegeneration.
(_ICompiledPOU , _ISignature ) w ..
(_ICompiledPOU , Boolean , Boolean , _ICompileContext , _ICompileContext , Boolean , Codegeneration , Boolean& , Boolean , Boolean ) w ..
(Boolean , Boolean , _ICompileContext , _ICompileContext , InitExitSignatureInfo , Boolean , Codegeneration , _ISignature , Boolean& , Boolean , Boolean ) w _3S.CoDeSys.Compiler35180.CompilerPhases.CompilerPhase5_Codegenerator.
(Codegeneration , _ISignature , InitExitSignatureInfo& , Boolean& ) w _3S.CoDeSys.Compiler35180.CompilerPhases.CompilerPhase5_Codegenerator.
(Codegeneration , _ISignature ) w _3S.CoDeSys.Compiler35180.CompilerPhases.CompilerPhase5_Codegenerator.
(ICodegenerator ) w ..() w ..() Build complete -- 1 errors, 2 warnings : No download possible ~~~ Could someone help me with this problem? Thank you in advance Mariusz
Last updated: 2025-11-11

Post by davidbo on Clean old license into an image SD ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
That might not be enough using CODESYS V3.5 SP20 and CODESYS Control for Raspberry Pi MC SL version: 4.11 I deleted .cmact_license directory. I installed new license and the dialog box said it was done successfully, but in reality it was not. What more should be deleted 5:/var/opt/codesys$ ls -la total 1948 drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Nov 17 12:29 . drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 30 2020 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 100014 Nov 17 12:08 .Audit_0.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 100040 Nov 17 11:30 .Audit_1.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 100062 Nov 17 09:18 .Audit_2.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 66260 Nov 17 12:36 .Audit.log drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 30 2020 backup -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2640 Feb 22 2024 bacstac.ini drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Mar 30 2020 cert drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 17 12:29 .cmact_licenses drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 30 2020 _cnc -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1000088 Nov 17 08:35 codesyscontrol_0.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 422521 Nov 17 12:30 codesyscontrol.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 355 Nov 17 12:29 .GroupDatabase.csv -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 355 Nov 17 12:19 .GroupDatabase.csv_ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 17 11:16 OPCUAServer drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Mar 30 2020 .pki drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Nov 17 11:16 PlcLogic -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 156 Mar 30 2020 rts_set_baud.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20736 Feb 22 2024 .SoftContainer_CmEmbedded.wbb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12445 Nov 17 09:06 SysFileMap.cfg -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1983 Feb 22 2024 .UFC_SoftContainer_CmEmbedded.WibuC mLif -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 646 Nov 17 09:51 .UserDatabase.csv -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 646 Nov 17 09:51 .UserDatabase.csv_ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17305 Nov 17 12:29 .UserMgmtRightsDB.csv drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 30 2020 visu -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32684 Feb 8 2023 WibuCtxt.ctx
Last updated: 2025-11-17

Post by alexgooi on Modbus TCP interface get stuck ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Dear Forum, I'm currently experimenting with Modbus interfaces in combination with a virtual controller. I have the following setup (Modbus_Setup.png): I have an IPC with Debian installed on it (Debian 13). On this Debian machine I have installed a docker server and on this docker server a Codesys runtime container is deployed (Codesys_image.png). The Modbus scanner makes connection with and IO coupler and this works well. But when I physically disconnect the ethernet connection between the IPC and the IO coupler the Modbus interface gets stuck in a state where it gets stuck in the busy state (Modbus_Stuck.png). When I plug the cable back in, the IO coupler isn't communicating until the xBusy variable is manually set to False, after this action is performed the communication goes back to normal. I have tried to set the container network to host and bridge (Network.png), but both version gives the same result (stuck scanner). I would expect that the Modbus interface is generating a timeout after 1 sec, because this is how it is setup (Modbus_settings.png), but this is not what happens. I have thought to write a piece of code that writes xBusy to false when it is stuck but because it is an output I'm not able to write to it. I have tried this with another PC (different CPU/motherboard) but this gives the same outcome. I tried updating to the latest version of Virtual control (4.20) but this gives the same result. I also tried to do the same thing with an ethernet IP scanner, and this gives an error after the timeout is expired (so this works well). I have tried to connect to the IO coupler using the Modbus_FB lib (Modbus_FB.png) the FB's are giving the correct errors and behaving as expected. At last I have tried to use a Scanner on a Codesys controller (no IPC) and here the scanner behaves as expected (an alarm is triggered after the timeout has been expired). The version of the Codesys components are listed in the picture Versions.png Is there anyone that can give me a push in the right direction? Kind regards Alex
Last updated: 2026-04-14

Post by rossanoparis on CAN TX regression in Control for Raspberry Pi 4.21.0.0 with CAN API library (RX works, TX silently fails) ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Environment: Target: Revolution Pi (Kunbus RevPi), armv7l 32-bit OS: Raspbian GNU/Linux 9 (Stretch), kernel 4.19.95-rt38-v7 (SMP PREEMPT RT, built 2022-03-22) CAN: via SocketCAN (can0) Runtime: CODESYS Control for Raspberry Pi SL IDE: CODESYS V3.5 SP22 + patch 3 (previously V3.5 SP22 + patch 2, where everything worked with runtime 4.18.0.0) Library: CANBusAPI from the "CAN API" package, version 1.0.0.3 Summary: The setup worked correctly with V3.5 SP22 + patch 2 and runtime 4.18.0.0. After updating the IDE to SP22 + patch 3 and the runtime to 4.21.0.0, CAN transmission via the CANBusAPI library stopped working. Reception is unaffected. There are no error indications anywhere: the application runs normally and the CAN diagnosis reports a healthy bus. Systematic testing (below) shows the problem follows the runtime version, not the IDE update. Regression isolation: The same application (compiled under SP22 + patch 3, unchanged between tests) was downloaded to the same target with different runtime versions, changing only the runtime each time: 4.18.0.0: TX and RX both work 4.19.0.0: TX and RX both work 4.20.0.0: TX and RX both work 4.21.0.0: RX works, TX does not The behavior is fully reproducible in both directions (downgrading to 4.20 restores TX, upgrading to 4.21 breaks it again). Hardware, wiring, OS, project, and application code are identical across all tests. Diagnostic data (CANBusDiagnosis FB, while the application is transmitting on 4.21): ctSendCounter: incrementing normally ctTxErrorCounter: 0 ctRxErrorCounter: 0 eState: ERROR_FREE xBusAlarm: FALSE So the library accepts and counts the outgoing messages, no TX errors are reported, and the CAN controller state stays error-free, but the messages never reach the other nodes on the bus. Expected behavior: Messages sent via CANBusAPI (CANDriver / SendMessage) are transmitted on the bus, as with runtime versions up to and including 4.20.0.0. Notes: I am aware that the CAN API package (1.0.0.3, from 2016) is old; however, the regression is tied to the runtime version, since the identical binary works on 4.18-4.20. Questions: Is there a known change in CmpSocketCanDrv / CmpCAACanL2 between 4.20.0.0 and 4.21.0.0 that could affect TX via the CAN API library? Is runtime 4.21.0.0 still supported on Debian 9 Stretch (kernel 4.19, RT-patched), or is a newer OS required? If a minimum OS/kernel requirement was introduced with 4.21, is it documented?
Last updated: 2026-08-17

Post by adamrobotic on llcallback() iec exception caught cmpid=0x00000002, eventid=0x00010008 ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Hi All, Recently I have been experiencing a issue in CodeSys SP16 Patch 3, with a exception which comes up after I have made several online changes. callcallback() iec exception caught cmpid=0x00000002, eventid=0x00010008, after I experience this fault then I receive a error message for any subsequent online change "online change failed, no task gap within 10000ms". To recover either the controller needs a orgin reset, which will allow online edits thereafter until falling back into the loop. I am using a TURCK TX707 product which is controlling robot trajectory, We have hard coded the coordinate data rather than using persistence variables so hence the need to do online changes consistently. I have read on the forum other people have experienced similar issue with the online task gap, but I have no task which have same priority and also monitored the CPU usage and have not seen it go above 13%. Anyones help would be much appreciated, thankyou.
Last updated: 2023-08-18

Post by rossanoparis on After un upgrade of "CODESYS Control for Raspberry Pi MC SL" from v4.7 to v4.9 SysFileOpen function stopped working ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Hello at all. After un upgrade of "CODESYS Control for Raspberry Pi MC SL" from v4.7 to v4.9 SysFileOpen function stopped working. I'm not able to read or write files from the PLC application. Before this upgrade all worked fine. I've read this thread [ https://forge.codesys.com/forge/talk/Engineering/thread/3da9ded84e/ ] Despite I followed that indications I couldn't get my code working again. Perhaps I'm missing something or I didn't understand how to use placeholders at all. Is there a different syntax to use for "SysFileOpen" in order to use placeholders? Thanks in advance for your help. Information Compiler: CODESYS V3.5 SP19 Patch 2 Runtime: codesyscontrol 4.9.0 HW: KUNBUS RevPi Connect S Below the paths I want to access (The entire CODESYSControl_User.cfg file is attached) [SysFile] PlaceholderFilePath.1=/home/pi/hpca/bin, $hpcabin$ PlaceholderFilePath.2=/home/pi/hpca/cfg, $hpcacfg$ PlaceholderFilePath.3=/home/pi/hpca/logs, $hpcalogs$ PlaceholderFilePath.4=/home/pi/hpca/resources, $hpcares$
Last updated: 2023-08-22

Post by yr00 on OPC UA datasource low read frequency ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Hello everyone, I am trying to test the OPC UA client feature in Codesys. My setup is the following; I have a Codesys simulation/ visualization running on Control Win V3. My OPC UA server is hosted on a Siemens 1518 PLC using PLCSim Advanced. The setup is completely virtual so there are no really PLCs. Everything is on my laptop. Writing data from the Codesys simualtion to the server is very quick. I have a PLC program running on another 1500 PLC which reads data from simulation via the server, and changes in the simulation (e.g. button pressed) appear within hundreds of miliseconds if not tens of miliseconds in my PLC program. However, when it comes to reading data from the OPC UA Server by Codesys, it taks around 1-2s. I connected a UAExpert client and it gets update very quickly so I am fairly sure the problem is with Codesys. I have tried changing the update rate in datasource -> General and Diagnosis, but it doesn't seem to have an effect. Do you guys have any suggestion on what I can do?
Last updated: 2023-08-29

Post by danwoodlock on RPI Zero w - Edge gateway cant install ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Hello all, First post. I recently acquired an RPI zero W from amazon, and have been using it with Codesys v3.5 SP19 patch 2. I first got it working yesterday, and after installing the runtime on the Pi, I was prompted to install the edge gateway. Installation of the edge gateway failed because of unsupported architecture, undeterred I was able to connect to the pi and program as I wanted. The issue I've noticed is that if I do not load anything to the pi overnight, I can then no longer connect to the pi and download, although I can still ping it from my pc. I found that if I power cycle the PI, I am then able to connect again, and it works as normal. I did some googling and found instances where people recommended downloading the newest edge gateway, which brings me here. Wondering if there are any suggestions, or if this is a known issue. I actually tried installing all 3 versions of edge gateway for science, but all fail with the same message. Thanks -Dan
Last updated: 2023-09-13

Post by ofey on Codesys Soft PLC OPC UA server ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Hi! I'm sorry if this has been asked before. I have tried looking up previous topics regaring this, but even though I'm following tutorials and other posts I cant seem to get this to work consistently. I actually got the connection established on a test project after some trial and error. I only got it to work with the "Anonymous login". But after i deleted the test project and tried to get the same thing to work on another project I cant get it to work anymore. What I'm trying to do: Set up and OPC UA Server using CODESYS with the free soft PLC. I then try to connect to the OPC UA Server with the program "UaExpert". What happens: I get the error Error "'BadUserAccessDenied' was returned during ActivateSession". What I have done in CODESYS: - Added the object "Symbol configuration" and checked some test variables - Checked "Support OPC UA features - In "Communication settings -> device -> Change runtime security policy" I have checked "Allow anonymous login" What I have done in UAExpert: - Found the OPC UA server under "local". (It is showing two servers though, I do not know why. It showed the same when it worked yesterday). Se attachment - Checked "Anonymous" under "Authentication settings in the OPC UA server. I'm new to CODESYS, so it could be something elementary wrong in my settings. Maybe something in the user settings in CODESYS regarding user rights or something?
Last updated: 2023-09-14

Post by toby on Ethercat Servo Setup ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Hi Everyone, I have a simple project with a single servo, but its my first time using Codesys and motion, so I'm a little confused and lost, I've tried to read the tutorial online, but I'm not having much luck sorry. Can I please ask for some pointers. I have a ComfilePi HMI (Raspberry Pi) communicating to a Omron R88D-1SN08H-ECT amplifier. Please see the attached project file (which is better for sharing, the project file, or a archive?). This file was simply for testing the motion of the servo before anything else is tested with it. The project simply rotates the servo 1 rotation when called for, but the speed can vary based on user input. Nothing much fancy. As yet, I haven't had any servo movement, no errors on the amplifier display. How do I link the motion FBs to the physical drive? Thank you very much for any help you can offer. I'm sorry if I'm doing something very stupid or basic and getting it wrong. Have a good day. Toby
Last updated: 2023-09-20

Post by rcaponi on Codesys Control RTE V3. Remote Control ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Hello, I would like to have, if possible, some clarification on this function. That is, I would like to understand if it is useful for managing, fom my development PC, the RTE runtime executed on a remote control. This is what the help says: Remote PLC: Opens the Remote Configuration dialog. By enabling or disabling the Control remote PC, not local option, you determine whether a PLC is used that is on a remote or local PC. Accordingly, the menu commands Start PLC, Stop PLC, and PLC Configuration refer to the local PC or a PC reached on the network. For the remote PC, specify the Target PC address, Port number, and a Timeout value (in ms) for the connection (Remote Timeout [ms]). But does this mean that I also need to install the RTE runtime on my development PC? Is it possible to have some more information? Best regards Roberto Caponi
Last updated: 2023-09-22

Post by damian177 on Codesys and SMS in RPi ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
I tried initialize my GSM modem by write simple application in C, and GSM modem works, below used AT commands: AtChat: T : "AT" AtChat: F : "OK" AtChat: T : "AT+CMEE=1" AtChat: F : "OK" AtChat: T : "AT+CMGF=0" AtChat: F : "OK" AtChat: T : "AT+CGMI" AtChat: F : "WH_Ltd" AtChat: F : "WH_GM35" AtChat: F : "Revision: RDA BV5" AtChat: F : "OK" AtChat: T : "AT+CGMM" AtChat: F : "WH_GM35" AtChat: F : "OK" AtChat: T : "AT+CGMR" AtChat: F : "Revision: GM35-D_B5_R05_A01_D170914" AtChat: F : "OK" AtChat: T : "AT+CGSN" AtChat: F : "868221045990218" AtChat: F : "OK" AtChat: T : "AT+CNMI=2,1,0,1,0" AtChat: F : "OK" AtChat: T : "AT+CLIP=1" AtChat: F : "OK" AtChat: T : "AT+COPS?" AtChat: F : "+COPS: 0,2,\"26002\"" AtChat: F : "OK" operator name: "26002" AtChat: T : "AT+CREG?" AtChat: F : "+CREG: 1,1" AtChat: F : "OK" at+creg Modem is initialized I do not understand why Codesys SMS library send AT+CPIN? command ?
Last updated: 2023-09-29

Post by andrej on Write to File on soft PLC winV3x64 ^{CODESYS Forge talk (Post)}
Hello all, I would like to store some data in text file. I use the soft PLC Win V3x64, on Windows 10. I use the SysFile Library 3.5.17.0. If I store the file directly in the in the directory of the PLC i.e. in '/CODESYSControlWinV3x64/E1FA7ABE/PlcLogic/LogAU.txt' the file is correctly filled with the data. However, If I use an absolute path to a different directory no data is stored in the respective file. Despite the fact that the respective file exists and the Filehandler is correctly opened (see in picture _fdSysFHandle <> -1). // sFileName : STRING := 'LogAU.txt'; // STORES FILE IN ../CODESYSControlWinV3x64/../PlcLogic/LogAU.txt' sFileName : STRING := 'C/Temp/LogAU.txt'// DOES NOT WORK --------------------- // FILE DESCRIPTOR _fdSysFHandle := SysFile.SysFileOpen( szFile:= sFileName,am:= SysFile.AM_APPEND,pResult := ADR(_Result)); Does some have an idea where the problem is, resp. how I can get store a file in an arbitrary directory. Thanks a lot and kind regards Andreas
Last updated: 2023-10-24

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