Post by gvdb on Raspberry Pi 4 mod B icm codesys linking USB serial device (arduino) to com port
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
Raspberry Pi 4 Codesys 3.5.20 sp3 Codesyscontrol 4.15.0.0 based on sdk 3.5.21.0 Hi all, I have found a lot of topics but none of them get me on the right path, therfore i started a new post. Usually i work with plc based systems and codesys but now im trying to create an project where i read out a serial data stream from an arduino connected by an USB port. in the future this need to be more arduino's but first trying to make it work with one I had my program working but i needed to update my raspberry pu to the letest version to get the mimo screen working. Now i tried several rules in the CODESYSControl.cfg and/or CODESYSControl_User.cfg files but i never get the com port opened. At this moment i have an file CODESYSControl_User.cfg with entry: [SysCom] Linux.Devicefile.1=/dev/ttyUSB0 I tested the connection with minicom and the data runs fluently. Can somebody help me with what could be wrong? the com port states ERROR_UNKNOWN 5004 when i tried to open.
Last updated: 2025-07-17
Post by antonz on CoDeSys v3.5: creating libraries for both 32-bit and 64-bit controllers
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
Looking for thoughts on creating libraries that can be used on both 32-bit and 64-bit controllers. We are currently writing software in CoDeSys for both target types and will continu to do so for the near future. Projects are always unique, no straight forward copy/paste, yet there is enough similarity between them to use libraries for recurring logic. I do not want to create and maintain twice for both platforms if this is not absolutely necessary. I am aware of useful datatypes like __XWORD, __XINT, __UXINT. Still looking for more information and/or sample code for portable pointer arithmetic. In addition to that: how should one go about when creating and working with compiled libraries? Would I need to compile the same lib twice, once for 32-bit targets once for 64-bit targets? I would end up with two different libs with the same namespace, which does not sound elegant to me. Note: I did not intentionally make the previous paragraph bold. The forge forum software seems to do this automatically upon insertion of a word which starts with two underscores, e.g. __XWORD (yeah, here we go again :) )
Last updated: 2025-08-25
Post by imdatatas on MC_MoveAbsolute: C0138: No matching 'FB_Init' method found for instantiation of SMC_MoveAbsRelPerformerImpl [ERROR]
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
Dear @gseidel, Thank you for your reply. The exact version of Codesys and its compiler was 3.5.21.20. The compiler version was fixed and could not be changed in project settings. Since I couldn't continue due to this compilation error, I temporarily overcame this issue as follows. -- I completely uninstalled Codesys 3.5.21.20 and completely deleted the Codesys folder in the C:\ProgramData folder. -- I restarted my computer and installed Codesys 3.5.19.70. -- I updated the Codesys Installer and all its add-ons to the latest versions. -- The project that was giving me the compilation error I mentioned before is now open with Codesys 3.5.19.70, compiled it, and successfully downloaded it on the device. -- I haven't encountered the same problem anymore. I think this issue is related to SP21 and its compiler. Frankly, I'd expect a project created with an older version to compile without errors after opening it with the latest Codesys version and updating all libraries. Regards, imdatatas
Last updated: 2025-09-26
Post by timvh on Licensing info not available.
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
In the VPLC configuration settings there is an entry for the IP address of the license server. In this setting fill in the IP address of your device (host IP address). Then when the virtual PLC starts up, it will get the license from the license container on the host. You can do this for all VPLC's running on your device. The VPLC will always take the smallest license which fits the required license. So if you have 2 licenses for VPLC's with small and large applications, then this will work fine if you start up one VPLC which requires the small license and the other which requires the large license. PS, personally I find it much easier, especially for testing and experimenting, to activate the licenses on a CODESYS (USB) key. This is easy to activate (on your development PC) and easier to move to another device. Addtionally you don't loose the license when you need to install a completely new image on the device.
Last updated: 2025-10-02
Post by dhumphries on Minimum system requirements for codesys control standard S
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
I'm working on a low cost project and I'm considering installing the Codesys runtime on a PC running Linux Debian instead of buying a PLC with a pre-installed runtime. For my needs the Control Standard S license should be capable of running some IO over ethernet/ip, and a webvisu. The PC I am considering has a AMD GX-424CC 2.4GHz processor (4 core/4 thread) and 4GB RAM. This may compare to a raspberry pi4, but I know an X86 processor doesn't directly compare to an ARM processor, and a processor can have a high clock speed but other factors like L2/L3 cache can influence the overall performance. I can't find any published specs for the processor and RAM requirements to run the Codesys Control runtime, does anybody have a link to the minimum system requirements or experience using devices that are at or below the minimum system requirements. A raspberry pi with the control for raspberry pi SL runtime license would be the lowest cost option, but the license is not for commerical use. This restriction is somewhat vague, can anybody clarify if this means I can use a raspberry Pi runtime for in-house automation, what about if I am selling an integrated system that uses a raspberry Pi as a controller?
Last updated: 2023-12-25
Post by toby on Ethernet/IP communication with Omron NX1P2
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
Hey guys, I'm very much a noob with networking, it's my achillies heel, and this is my first networking project using Ethernet/IP. Any help offered is GREATLY appreciated. I'm trying to network a Codesys Project with an Omron NX1P2 PLC. I'm using EIP due to hardware restrains. I've added the fieldbus, EIP scanner (as the master), and made a Network Variable List. On the Sysmac Studio end, I've made the variables and set them to network inputs/outputs, registered them in EIP settings, but when I try to set the target device (the Codesys project), I suspect I need to import an EDS file for the EIP mapping. Back in the Codesys project, I'm not sure how to: - Make an EDS file to share with Sysmac Studio - How to link the target device (Omron PLC) to the EIP fieldbus - How to map the inputs from the Omron PLC. Im sorry for my very open request for help, i'm kind of lost looking through the various forums/video/tutorials as many of them dont match what im trying to do. Any help, or sample programs would be so so greatly appreciated. If you need any further clarifications, please feel free to ask. Thanks in advance, Toby
Last updated: 2024-01-24
Post by kevin123 on auto-answer dialog using system.prompt_answers
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
I am trying to do "update device" in a project which was saved in a different version of CODESYS using ScriptEngine, a dialog with 'Yes' and 'No' button popped up showing that "Do you want to upgrade the storage format for this project? -if you click 'Yes', storage format will be upgraded... -if you click 'No', storage format will not be changed..." I have to click the 'Yes' button automatically by scriptEngine. I know from others topics here in forum, that some dialogs can be auto-answered using system.prompt_answers. And I also get the messagekey of this dialog: Key: "<< No Key>>" Message: "Do you want to upgrade the storage format for this project? - If you click 'Yes',... i have tried using the system.prompt_answers command below, but the dialog was not auto-answered. system.prompt_answers["<<No Key>>"] = PromptResult.Yes Does someone know how to auto-answer the dialog using system.prompt_answers command with messagekey"<< No key>>"? or any suggestions to solve this issue, Thanks!
Last updated: 2024-01-26
Post by kevin123 on auto-answer dialog using system.prompt_answers
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
I am trying to do "update device" in a project which was saved in a different version of CODESYS using ScriptEngine, a dialog with 'Yes' and 'No' button popped up showing that "Do you want to upgrade the storage format for this project? -if you click 'Yes', storage format will be upgraded... -if you click 'No', storage format will not be changed..." I have to click the 'Yes' button automatically by scriptEngine. I know from others topics here in forum, that some dialogs can be auto-answered using system.prompt_answers. And I also get the messagekey of this dialog: Key: "<< No Key>>" Message: "Do you want to upgrade the storage format for this project? - If you click 'Yes',... i have tried using the system.prompt_answers command below, but the dialog was not auto-answered. system.prompt_answers["<<No Key>>"] = PromptResult.Yes Does someone know how to auto-answer the dialog using system.prompt_answers command with messagekey"<< No key>>"? or any suggestions to solve this issue, Thanks!
Last updated: 2024-01-26
Post by kevin123 on (no subject)
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
I am trying to do "update device" in a project which was saved in a different version of CODESYS using ScriptEngine, a dialog with 'Yes' and 'No' button popped up showing that "Do you want to upgrade the storage format for this project? -if you click 'Yes', storage format will be upgraded... -if you click 'No', storage format will not be changed..." I have to click the 'Yes' button automatically by scriptEngine. I know from others topics here in forum, that some dialogs can be auto-answered using system.prompt_answers. And I also get the messagekey of this dialog: Key: "<< No Key>>" Message: "Do you want to upgrade the storage format for this project? - If you click 'Yes',... i have tried using the system.prompt_answers command below, but the dialog was not auto-answered. system.prompt_answers["<<No Key>>"] = PromptResult.Yes Does someone know how to auto-answer the dialog using system.prompt_answers command with messagekey"<< No key>>"? or any suggestions to solve this issue, Thanks!
Last updated: 2024-01-26
Post by mondinmr on Direct Pointers in IOMapping for EtherCAT with IoDrvEthercatLib.ETCSlave_Dia
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
Using SDO, I can read the EtherCAT mappings and offsets from various registers like 0x1c12, 0x1c13, etc. When I obtain registers mapped in the PDOs and various offsets, I could technically access directly to the statusword, controlword, etc., if they are mapped. I have noticed that on IoDrvEthercatLib.ETCSlave_Diag I can find pointers to the input and output buffers. However, although the input buffer can be easily read by referring to what has been obtained from the SDOs, it is not possible to write to the output buffer, as it is overwritten in each cycle by the data from the IOMapping task. Is there a way, knowing an instance of IoDrvEthercatLib.ETCSlave_Diag, to obtain the pointer to the first data in the IOMapping? The offsets are identical to those of the PDOs, but obviously the data is a copy. For me, the cleanest thing would be to access the pointers on IOMapping, for DS402a devices to retrieve the key data and point them to internal references. I need to know this as, having developed our own motion library, I would like to simplify the initial setup by eliminating unnecessary and nonsensical mappings that can lead users to unnecessary errors. In the current version that we have been using for years, we have to map everything manually. I would like to pass only the slave reference to the FB_init constructors and eliminate the mapping.
Last updated: 2024-02-12
Post by fredsta on Unable to load dynamic modules (Download failed: Application=Application)
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
Hey there, I am currently trying to find a good solution for the communication between CODESYS Control on Raspberry Pi and "the rest of the world", i. e. the things apart from CODESYS on my linux. My first approach was to use the c-integration. So I created a lib, defined extern fbs, compiled the code on my Pi using the SDK and put the .so into my lib project. When I try to log into the Pi and load the program, I get the error message which you can see in the attached picture. "Die dynamischen Module der C-Integration konnten nicht auf das Laufzeitsystem geladen werden" is german and means roughly "the modules from the c-integration could not be loaded onto the runtime system." Is this normal? Am I doing something wrong? I will have a look at the unix domain socket thing next, as I am still in the process of finding the best solution for the communication.
Last updated: 2024-02-15
Post by tim-roelant on Profinet fault with codesys control V3 - Receive packet error
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
I have set up a brandnew Beckhoff panel pc with a codesys control runtime V3. I configured it together with 2 profinet field devices: a 16in/16out IO module from Turck and an MTS linear encoder. The machine works fine untill all of a sudden the communication breaks and the profinet participants become unreachable. At that point I can still ping the device, but the profinet master does not find them anymore: When i do a scan they are not found. When i do a cold restart, the profinet master becomes active again and the devices are found again. In the log i get Ethercat packet receive error: sysethernet. I am a little confused, there is no ethercat device in the device tree. I already set the send clock and the reduction ratio to higher values, but without result. Can codesys be configured, so that the communication re-establishes without doing the cold reset? This is very annoying and is causing a lot of prodution losses. regards Tim
Last updated: 2024-02-27
Post by tim-roelant on Profinet fault with codesys control V3 - Receive packet error
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
I have set up a brandnew Beckhoff panel pc with a codesys control runtime V3. I configured it together with 2 profinet field devices: a 16in/16out IO module from Turck and an MTS linear encoder. The machine works fine untill all of a sudden the communication breaks and the profinet participants become unreachable. At that point I can still ping the device, but the profinet master does not find them anymore: When i do a scan they are not found. When i do a cold restart, the profinet master becomes active again and the devices are found again. In the log i get Ethercat packet receive error: sysethernet. I am a little confused, there is no ethercat device in the device tree. I already set the send clock and the reduction ratio to higher values, but without result. Can codesys be configured, so that the communication re-establishes without doing the cold reset? This is very annoying and is causing a lot of prodution losses. regards Tim
Last updated: 2024-02-27
Post by tim-roelant on Profinet fault with codesys control V3 - Receive packet error
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
I have set up a brandnew Beckhoff panel pc with a codesys control runtime V3. I configured it together with 2 profinet field devices: a 16in/16out IO module from Turck and an MTS linear encoder. The machine works fine untill all of a sudden the communication breaks and the profinet participants become unreachable. At that point I can still ping the device, but the profinet master does not find them anymore: When i do a scan they are not found. When i do a cold restart, the profinet master becomes active again and the devices are found again. In the log i get Ethercat packet receive error: sysethernet. I am a little confused, there is no ethercat device in the device tree. I already set the send clock and the reduction ratio to higher values, but without result. Can codesys be configured, so that the communication re-establishes without doing the cold reset? This is very annoying and is causing a lot of prodution losses. regards Tim
Last updated: 2024-02-27
Post by tim-roelant on Profinet fault with codesys control V3 - Receive packet error
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
I have set up a brandnew Beckhoff panel pc with a codesys control runtime V3. I configured it together with 2 profinet field devices: a 16in/16out IO module from Turck and an MTS linear encoder. The machine works fine untill all of a sudden the communication breaks and the profinet participants become unreachable. At that point I can still ping the device, but the profinet master does not find them anymore: When i do a scan they are not found. When i do a cold restart, the profinet master becomes active again and the devices are found again. In the log i get Ethercat packet receive error: sysethernet. I am a little confused, there is no ethercat device in the device tree. I already set the send clock and the reduction ratio to higher values, but without result. Can codesys be configured, so that the communication re-establishes without doing the cold reset? This is very annoying and is causing a lot of prodution losses. regards Tim
Last updated: 2024-02-27
Post by francescoc on Custom log CmpLog
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
Hi, I am trying to create a log in my application. Since I cannot find any documentation regarding modifying the codesys configuration file to be able to log in ms, i tried to create a new log via CmpLog.LogCreate. Below is the part of the code where I create the logger and write a test string. In the log tab of codesys I actually see the new log that was created, but it is empty, and in the folder I cannot find any files. I can't find any detailed documentation. Can you guys give me support? Are there any examples? Thank you IF NOT FirstCycle THEN LogName:= 'LOGS/TestLog'; LogOptions.bEnable:= 1; LogOptions.iMaxEntries:= 5000; LogOptions.iMaxFiles:= 100; LogOptions.iMaxFileSize:= 5000; LogOptions.szName:= LogName; LogOptions.uiType:= CmpLog.LogTypes.LT_TIMESTAMP_RTC_HIGHRES; LogOptions.uiFilter:= CmpLog.LogClass.LOG_ALL; LogHandle:= CmpLog.LogCreate(pOptions := ADR(LogOptions), pResult:= ADR(Result)); LogHandle:= CmpLog.LogOpen(pszName:= LogName, pResult:= Result); Component_Manager.CMAddComponent2('TestLogNEW', 16#00000001, ADR(udiCmpIdNEW), 0); CmpLog.LogAdd2(LogHandle, udiCmpIdNEW, CmpLog.LogClass.LOG_INFO, 1, 1, 'Logger started...'); END_IF IF TestWrite THEN TestWrite:= FALSE; CmpLog.LogAdd2(LogHandle, udiCmpIdNEW, CmpLog.LogClass.LOG_INFO, 1, 1, 'Write test'); END_IF
Last updated: 2024-03-16
Post by squiggleypuff on RemoteTargetVisu creates Unresolved Reference
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
I have a project with a Festo CPX-E-CEC-C1-PN PLC (Run-time version 3.5.12.50) that I have been developing on just fine using Codesys V3.5 SP19 Patch 5 (64bit). I am at the stage where I wanted to use the Festo HMI screen, and have added a RemoteTargetVisu object to my application. After adding this object, I am no longer able to log in to the PLC as I get an Unresolved Reference warning for 'USERMGRUSERGETPROPERTY' towards the end of the download process. I was able to find this post (https://forge.codesys.com/forge/talk/Visualization/thread/fc686a6cb2/) where the two possible solutions are to "set the placeholder to emtpy" or update the runtime. Problem is, I don't know how to do either of these things, as I'm still very green in Codesys land. I'd be happy to update the Festo PLC runtime, as that seems like the better option, but have not had any luck in finding a tutorial for this online. If anyone could point me in the right direction I'd appreciate it.
Last updated: 2024-03-19
Post by tomast on Codesys and Siemens SINAMICS 20 modbus RTU "Response CRC Fail"
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
Hi everyone, I'm currently working on a project involving the control of 5 VFDs via Modbus RTU, this time using the WAGO 750-8212 CPU. So far, I've managed to make progress, but I've encountered an issue. While I can successfully read and write to all the registers I need, I consistently encounter a "Response CRC Fail" error when attempting to write the value 1151 to the STW register at address 40100. I'm able to set the frequency via register 40101 and adjust all other parameters using different registers. Setting STW to 1150 results in the drive ready boolean from the ZSW-bit being received instantly. However, the moment I attempt to send 1151 to register 40100, I immediately receive the "Response CRC Fail" error for all channels. I've also attempted to use combined control, employing Modbus for frequency control and starting from a digital input. Everything seems to function properly until I send the start command to the VFD. Interestingly, I consistently encounter the same error the moment I send the start command, regardless of whether I use register 40006 (high) or 40100 (1151). Could someone please assist me in resolving this issue?
Last updated: 2024-03-21
Post by rjwkerkhof on IIot Libraries SL --> Web Socket Client SL Pong issue
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
Dear all, I am developing a Web Socket Client in Codesys 3.5 using the Web Socket Client SL library to retrieve data from a third party. Connecting and reading works fine however after 40 seconds the connection gets interrupted by the server due to keepalive ping timeout. After discussion with third party it seems that the Web Socket Client SL library replys to the Ping request of the Web Socket server BUT does not add the "Application data" = 4 bytes in the body of the Pingframe to the Pongframe. Therefor the server does not recognize the Pongframe send by the Web Socket Client SL library and automatically disconnects. Is this a known issue with the libary or am I doing something wrong? Is there a workaround to add the 4 bytes manually to the Pongframe before replying it to the server? Thanks in advance, Roy
Last updated: 2024-04-09
Post by leafy on Use third party actuator with IO-Link Master (IFM)
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
Hey there! I am currently doing a little automation project for uni. I am trying to integrate a control-valve-system (Buerkert AirLINE Field) in my IO-Link environment. With IFM sensors, I used their pre-built function blocks, but with this third-party device, i need to write my own function block. Thankfully, IFM provides a generic sensor-fb so I can write my own FB with "extends" and "super". So far, so good. I found the IODD and some other documentation and I thought I get how it works, but somehow can't really get it to work at all. From my understanding, i need to write data into the PDO-Array. But i get confused with the indices and subindices of IO-Link. I'll append the IODD and some screenshots of my project. There is an AOI for LogicXDesigner, but I can't use that in Codesys. I hope someone has integrated a IOL-device in Codesys before and can help me with this. Cheers leafy
Last updated: 2024-04-16
Post by leafy on Use third party actuator with IO-Link Master (IFM)
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
Hey there! I am currently doing a little automation project for uni. I am trying to integrate a control-valve-system (Buerkert AirLINE Field) in my IO-Link environment. With IFM sensors, I used their pre-built function blocks, but with this third-party device, i need to write my own function block. Thankfully, IFM provides a generic sensor-fb so I can write my own FB with "extends" and "super". So far, so good. I found the IODD and some other documentation and I thought I get how it works, but somehow can't really get it to work at all. From my understanding, i need to write data into the PDO-Array. But i get confused with the indices and subindices of IO-Link. I'll append the IODD and some screenshots of my project. There is an AOI for LogicXDesigner, but I can't use that in Codesys. I hope someone has integrated a IOL-device in Codesys before and can help me with this. Cheers leafy
Last updated: 2024-04-16
Post by phoward131 on Alarm State Icon
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
I am trying to create an icon on an overview screen that depicts if an alarm group has active alarms, active acknowledged alarms, or inactive unacknowledged alarms (waiting for confirmation). I've attempted to set up Notification Actions in the Alarm Class to set variables based on state changes but have been unable to find a clean and effective way to do this. Because an action on any alarm will trigger the variable to be set as instructed, I'm struggling to find a way to configure it for what I need (ie if two alarms activate, then one deactivates, the variable for indicating an alarm is active would be cleared after the single deactivation). I've been pointed toward the Alarm Manager example project but I'm finding it too complicated to understand how to implement it in my own project. Has anyone come up with another good way to indicate the states of alarms or a simpler usage of the Alarm Manager functions?
Last updated: 2024-04-23
Post by reinier-geers on License problem gateway
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
The hole setup is made by 3s. So its a comination of one not two. If Epis decide not to support extra licence whats then the funtion of providing an option with a single license ?? So the idee by 3s has a flod. Epis change the system to add the Stick. I send controller inc stick to Epis. On my software i can see the stick. An then you tel me i need a other license to use an license ?? Makes completly no sense. Codesys should be flexible but is not. I tried Delta. But has no HMI and has its own Codesys ?? Why ?? Then i tried Crist. The block there own system by a password. But dont know the password and cant switch it off. At the end the want me to pay for support to solve ther own made problem. So i send it al back. The extra license is adviced by 3s . Now a few month later still no working solution.
Last updated: 2024-05-01
Post by mp9876 on Problem using MeasureFrequence FB
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
Hi everyone, new at Codesys and PLC programming in general. I am using Codesys Win V3.5 SP20 I would like to measure an encoder's frequency output (obtaining that pulse train from Factory IO) and intended to use the MeasureFrequence FB (Intern/CAA/Utilities/CAA Mathematics/3.5.19.0). As mentioned in the title what I need to measure is low frequency, such as lower than 40hz (a cycle every 25mS) or so; I could even go lower frequency if required as this is for test purposes) therefore I am not expecting problem measuring a low frequency with that FB The library in question appears to be installed as I can retrieve it from the Library Repository. I can also see it from the Device's Library Manager. Problem arises when I am trying to instantiate this particular FB. I go like this: VAR MeasF:MeasureFrequence; END_VAR Please note that as soon as I start typing the "MeasureFrequence", the MeasureFrequence comes out as a viable option in auto-typing; seems to indicate that the FB is recognized somehow. But there is no way I can compile this as it comes back with the following: C0046: Identifier 'MeasureFrequence' not defined. Tried to rename that to ABC instead of MeasF; same issue. Possibly that the library is not properly installed ? Placeholder ? I would greatly appreciate a bit of guidance if possible. Thank you and regards, Mike
Last updated: 2024-06-24
Post by kaotic2499 on Upgraded Raspberry 2b to Raspberry 5, Trends Broken?
CODESYS Forge
talk
(Post)
Hello! Raspberry pi 2b just is getting a bit slow so decided to go for a Raspberry 5. Project is now upgraded to suit Pi 64 SL... so, now although everything runs perfectly... for some reason my trends will not save! its driving me nuts... ^Tried merging tasks with main program & trends ^tried re-prioritizing tasks (shifting 1 - 31 etc) ^Recreated the Trend Recording manager from scratch ^Tried swapping persisitant vars to GVL Retains then non-retains... (Project attached is as per before trial&error) Raspberry Pi 2b still runs "perfectly" though its very chuggy (Still saves the trends, note this is of an pretty much identical project minus the device compatibility) Does anyone have any advice to offer? project attached.... I feel it could be outside of Codesys itself causing the issues, but cant see/find anything on the internet to assist (or anyone else with the same problem as me...) Can attach project in another format (non archive) any assistance is much appreciated!
Last updated: 2025-10-19
To search for an exact phrase, put it in quotes. Example: "getting started docs"
To exclude a word or phrase, put a dash in front of it. Example: docs -help
To search on specific fields, use these field names instead of a general text search. You can group with AND or OR.